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    flights: the list of the raw flight data.

  Returns:
    Percentage of flights with a delay, calculated as the count of flights with
    a positive delay divided by the total number of flights that have a
    calculable delay. If no flights have a calculable delay, returns None.
  """
  calculable_delay_seconds = [
      DisplayDepartureTimes(f)['delay_seconds'] for f in flights
      if DisplayDepartureTimes(f)['calculable_delay']]
  delay_count = sum([1 for s in calculable_delay_seconds if s > 0])
  percent_delay = None
  if calculable_delay_seconds:
    percent_delay = delay_count / len(calculable_delay_seconds)
  return percent_delay


def FlightInsightFirstInstance(
    flights,
    key,

    label,
    days=7,
    additional_descriptor_fcn=''):
  """Generates string for first time value seen of particular key.

  Generates text of the following form for the "focus" flight in the data.
  - N311CG is the first time aircraft GLF6 (Gulfstream Aerospace Gulfstream G650
    (twin-jet)) has been seen since at least 7d5h ago
  - PCM8679 is the first time airline Westair Industries has been seen since
    9d0h ago

  Args:
    flights: the list of the raw data from which the insights will be generated,
      where the flights are listed in order of observation - i.e.: flights[0]
      was the earliest seen, and flights[-1] is the most recent flight for
      which we are attempting to generate an insight.
    key: the key of the attribute of interest - i.e.: 'destination_iata'.



    label: the human-readable string that should be displayed in the message -
      i.e.: 'destination'.
    days: the minimum time of interest for an insight - i.e.: we probably see
      LAX every hour, but we are only interested in particular attributes that
      have not been seen for at least some number of days. Note, however, that
      the code will go back even further to find the last time that attribute
      was observed, or if never observed, indicating "at least".
    additional_descriptor_fcn: a function that, when passed a flight, returns an
      additional parenthetical notation to include about the attribute or flight
      observed - such as expanding the IATA airport code to its full name, etc.

  Returns:
    Printable string message; if no message or insights to generate, then an
    empty string.
  """
  message = ''
  this_flight = flights[-1]
  this_flight_number = DisplayFlightNumber(this_flight)
  first_timestamp = flights[0]['now']
  last_timestamp = flights[-1]['now']
  included_seconds = last_timestamp - first_timestamp

  if included_seconds > SECONDS_IN_DAY * days:
    this_instance = this_flight.get(key)
    matching = [f for f in flights[:-1] if f.get(key) == this_instance]

    last_potential_observation_sec = included_seconds
    if matching:
      last_potential_observation_sec = last_timestamp - matching[-1]['now']

    if this_instance and last_potential_observation_sec > SECONDS_IN_DAY * days:
      additional_descriptor = ''

      if additional_descriptor_fcn:
        additional_descriptor = ' (%s)' % additional_descriptor_fcn(this_flight)
      last_potential_observation_string = SecondsToDdHh(
          last_potential_observation_sec)
      if matching:
        message = '%s is the first time %s %s%s has been seen since %s ago' % (
            this_flight_number, label, this_instance, additional_descriptor,
            last_potential_observation_string)
      else:
        message = (
            '%s is the first time %s %s%s has been '
            'seen since at least %s ago' % (
                this_flight_number, label, this_instance, additional_descriptor,
                last_potential_observation_string))

  return message


def FlightInsightSuperlativeVertrate(flights, hours=HOURS_IN_DAY):
  """Generates string about the climb rate of the flight being an extreme value.

  Generates text of the following form for the "focus" flight in the data.
  - UAL631 has the fastest ascent rate (5248fpm, 64fpm faster than next
    fastest) in last 24 hours
  - CKS1820 has the fastest descent rate (-1152fpm, -1088fpm faster than next
    fastest) in last 24 hours

  While this is conceptually similar to the more generic
  FlightInsightSuperlativeVertrate function, vert_rate - because it can be
  either positive or negative, with different signs requiring different
  labeling and comparisons - it needs its own special handling.

  Args:
    flights: the list of the raw data from which the insights will be generated,




                            <----SKIPPED LINES---->





      late_percentage = delay_late_count / len(relevant_flights)

      if (superlative and
          delay_late_avg_sec >= min_average_delay_minutes * SECONDS_IN_MINUTE):
        message = (
            'This %s delay is the %s for %s of the '
            'last %d days (%s avg delay); overall: %s' % (
                SecondsToHhMm(this_delay_seconds),
                delay_keyword,
                this_flight_number,
                days_history,
                SecondsToHhMm(delay_late_avg_sec),
                overall_stats_text))
      elif (late_percentage > min_late_percentage and
            delay_late_avg_sec >=
            min_average_delay_minutes * SECONDS_IN_MINUTE):
        # it's just been delayed frequently!
        message = (
            'With today''s delay of %s, %s is delayed %d%% of the time in'
            ' the last %d days for avg %s delay; overall: %s' % (
                SecondsToHhMm(this_delay_seconds),
                this_flight_number,
                int(100 * late_percentage),
                days_history,
                SecondsToHhMm(delay_late_avg_sec),
                overall_stats_text))
  return message


def FlightInsights(flights):
  """Identifies all the insight messages about the most recently seen flight.

  Generates a possibly-empty list of messages about the flight.

  Args:
    flights: List of all flights where the last flight in the list is the focus
    flight for which we are trying to identify something interesting.

  Returns:
    List of 2-tuples, where the first element in the tuple is a flag indicating




                            <----SKIPPED LINES---->




  # in the last 24 hours
  AppendMessageType(FLAG_INSIGHT_GROUNDSPEED, FlightInsightSuperlativeAttribute(
      flights,
      'speed',
      'groundspeed',
      SPEED_UNITS,
      ['slowest', 'fastest'],
      hours=HOURS_IN_DAY))
  AppendMessageType(FLAG_INSIGHT_ALTITUDE, FlightInsightSuperlativeAttribute(
      flights,
      'altitude',
      'altitude',
      DISTANCE_UNITS,
      ['lowest', 'highest'],
      hours=HOURS_IN_DAY))
  AppendMessageType(
      FLAG_INSIGHT_VERTRATE, FlightInsightSuperlativeVertrate(flights))

  # First instances: destination, first aircraft, etc.
  AppendMessageType(FLAG_INSIGHT_FIRST_DEST, FlightInsightFirstInstance(
      flights, 'destination_iata', 'destination', days=7,


      additional_descriptor_fcn=lambda f: f['destination_friendly']))
  AppendMessageType(FLAG_INSIGHT_FIRST_ORIGIN, FlightInsightFirstInstance(
      flights, 'origin_iata', 'origin', days=7,


      additional_descriptor_fcn=lambda f: f['origin_friendly']))
  AppendMessageType(FLAG_INSIGHT_FIRST_AIRLINE, FlightInsightFirstInstance(
      flights, 'airline_short_name', 'airline', days=7))



  AppendMessageType(FLAG_INSIGHT_FIRST_AIRCRAFT, FlightInsightFirstInstance(
      flights, 'aircraft_type_code', 'aircraft', days=7,


      additional_descriptor_fcn=lambda f: f['aircraft_type_friendly']))

  # This is the longest / shortest delay this flight has seen in the last 30
  # days at 2h5m; including today, this flight has been delayed x of the last y
  # times.
  AppendMessageType(FLAG_INSIGHT_LONGEST_DELAY, FlightInsightDelays(
      flights, min_late_percentage=0.75,
      min_this_delay_minutes=0,
      min_average_delay_minutes=0))

  def DelayTimeAndFrequencyMessage(
      types_tuple,
      group_function,
      group_label,
      filter_function=lambda this, other: True,
      min_days=1,
      lookback_days=MAX_INSIGHT_HORIZON_DAYS,
      min_this_group_size=0,
      min_comparison_group_size=0,
      min_group_qty=0,




                            <----SKIPPED LINES---->

                            <----SKIPPED LINES---->




    flights: the list of the raw flight data.

  Returns:
    Percentage of flights with a delay, calculated as the count of flights with
    a positive delay divided by the total number of flights that have a
    calculable delay. If no flights have a calculable delay, returns None.
  """
  calculable_delay_seconds = [
      DisplayDepartureTimes(f)['delay_seconds'] for f in flights
      if DisplayDepartureTimes(f)['calculable_delay']]
  delay_count = sum([1 for s in calculable_delay_seconds if s > 0])
  percent_delay = None
  if calculable_delay_seconds:
    percent_delay = delay_count / len(calculable_delay_seconds)
  return percent_delay


def FlightInsightFirstInstance(
    flights,
    key,
    readable_key_function,
    label,
    days=7,
    additional_descriptor_fcn=''):
  """Generates string for first time value seen of particular key.

  Generates text of the following form for the "focus" flight in the data.
  - N311CG is the first time aircraft GLF6 (Gulfstream Aerospace Gulfstream G650
    (twin-jet)) has been seen since at least 7d5h ago
  - PCM8679 is the first time airline Westair Industries has been seen since
    9d0h ago

  Args:
    flights: the list of the raw data from which the insights will be generated,
      where the flights are listed in order of observation - i.e.: flights[0]
      was the earliest seen, and flights[-1] is the most recent flight for
      which we are attempting to generate an insight.
    key: the key of the attribute of interest - i.e.: 'destination_iata'.
    readable_key_function: a function that returns a readable version of the key
      which may be simply the key value itself, or an abbreviation of the key
      value.
    label: the human-readable string that should be displayed in the message -
      i.e.: 'destination'.
    days: the minimum time of interest for an insight - i.e.: we probably see
      LAX every hour, but we are only interested in particular attributes that
      have not been seen for at least some number of days. Note, however, that
      the code will go back even further to find the last time that attribute
      was observed, or if never observed, indicating "at least".
    additional_descriptor_fcn: a function that, when passed a flight, returns an
      additional parenthetical notation to include about the attribute or flight
      observed - such as expanding the IATA airport code to its full name, etc.

  Returns:
    Printable string message; if no message or insights to generate, then an
    empty string.
  """
  message = ''
  this_flight = flights[-1]
  this_flight_number = DisplayFlightNumber(this_flight)
  first_timestamp = flights[0]['now']
  last_timestamp = flights[-1]['now']
  included_seconds = last_timestamp - first_timestamp

  if included_seconds > SECONDS_IN_DAY * days:
    this_instance = this_flight.get(key)
    matching = [f for f in flights[:-1] if f.get(key) == this_instance]

    last_potential_observation_sec = included_seconds
    if matching:
      last_potential_observation_sec = last_timestamp - matching[-1]['now']

    if this_instance and last_potential_observation_sec > SECONDS_IN_DAY * days:
      additional_descriptor = ''
      readable_this_instance = readable_key_function(this_flight)
      if additional_descriptor_fcn:
        additional_descriptor = ' (%s)' % additional_descriptor_fcn(this_flight)
      last_potential_observation_string = SecondsToDdHh(
          last_potential_observation_sec)
      if matching:
        message = '%s is the first time %s %s%s has been seen since %s ago' % (
            this_flight_number, label, readable_this_instance,
            additional_descriptor, last_potential_observation_string)
      else:
        message = (
            '%s is the first time %s %s%s has been '
            'seen since at least %s ago' % (
                this_flight_number, label, readable_this_instance,
                additional_descriptor, last_potential_observation_string))

  return message


def FlightInsightSuperlativeVertrate(flights, hours=HOURS_IN_DAY):
  """Generates string about the climb rate of the flight being an extreme value.

  Generates text of the following form for the "focus" flight in the data.
  - UAL631 has the fastest ascent rate (5248fpm, 64fpm faster than next
    fastest) in last 24 hours
  - CKS1820 has the fastest descent rate (-1152fpm, -1088fpm faster than next
    fastest) in last 24 hours

  While this is conceptually similar to the more generic
  FlightInsightSuperlativeVertrate function, vert_rate - because it can be
  either positive or negative, with different signs requiring different
  labeling and comparisons - it needs its own special handling.

  Args:
    flights: the list of the raw data from which the insights will be generated,




                            <----SKIPPED LINES---->





      late_percentage = delay_late_count / len(relevant_flights)

      if (superlative and
          delay_late_avg_sec >= min_average_delay_minutes * SECONDS_IN_MINUTE):
        message = (
            'This %s delay is the %s for %s of the '
            'last %d days (%s avg delay); overall: %s' % (
                SecondsToHhMm(this_delay_seconds),
                delay_keyword,
                this_flight_number,
                days_history,
                SecondsToHhMm(delay_late_avg_sec),
                overall_stats_text))
      elif (late_percentage > min_late_percentage and
            delay_late_avg_sec >=
            min_average_delay_minutes * SECONDS_IN_MINUTE):
        # it's just been delayed frequently!
        message = (
            'With today''s delay of %s, %s is delayed %d%% of the time in'
            ' the last %d days for avg %s delay (%s)' % (
                SecondsToHhMm(this_delay_seconds),
                this_flight_number,
                int(100 * late_percentage),
                days_history,
                SecondsToHhMm(delay_late_avg_sec),
                overall_stats_text))
  return message


def FlightInsights(flights):
  """Identifies all the insight messages about the most recently seen flight.

  Generates a possibly-empty list of messages about the flight.

  Args:
    flights: List of all flights where the last flight in the list is the focus
    flight for which we are trying to identify something interesting.

  Returns:
    List of 2-tuples, where the first element in the tuple is a flag indicating




                            <----SKIPPED LINES---->




  # in the last 24 hours
  AppendMessageType(FLAG_INSIGHT_GROUNDSPEED, FlightInsightSuperlativeAttribute(
      flights,
      'speed',
      'groundspeed',
      SPEED_UNITS,
      ['slowest', 'fastest'],
      hours=HOURS_IN_DAY))
  AppendMessageType(FLAG_INSIGHT_ALTITUDE, FlightInsightSuperlativeAttribute(
      flights,
      'altitude',
      'altitude',
      DISTANCE_UNITS,
      ['lowest', 'highest'],
      hours=HOURS_IN_DAY))
  AppendMessageType(
      FLAG_INSIGHT_VERTRATE, FlightInsightSuperlativeVertrate(flights))

  # First instances: destination, first aircraft, etc.
  AppendMessageType(FLAG_INSIGHT_FIRST_DEST, FlightInsightFirstInstance(
      flights, 'destination_iata',
      lambda f: f.get('destination_iata'),
      'destination', days=7,
      additional_descriptor_fcn=lambda f: f['destination_friendly']))
  AppendMessageType(FLAG_INSIGHT_FIRST_ORIGIN, FlightInsightFirstInstance(
      flights, 'origin_iata',
      lambda f: f.get('origin_iata'),
      'origin', days=7,
      additional_descriptor_fcn=lambda f: f['origin_friendly']))
  AppendMessageType(FLAG_INSIGHT_FIRST_AIRLINE, FlightInsightFirstInstance(
      flights, 'airline_short_name',
      lambda f: SHORTER_AIRCRAFT_NAME.get(
          f.get('airline_short_name'), f.get('airline_short_name')),
      'airline', days=7))
  AppendMessageType(FLAG_INSIGHT_FIRST_AIRCRAFT, FlightInsightFirstInstance(
      flights, 'aircraft_type_code',
      lambda f: f.get('aircraft_type_code'),
      'aircraft', days=7,
      additional_descriptor_fcn=lambda f: f['aircraft_type_friendly']))

  # This is the longest / shortest delay this flight has seen in the last 30
  # days at 2h5m; including today, this flight has been delayed x of the last y
  # times.
  AppendMessageType(FLAG_INSIGHT_LONGEST_DELAY, FlightInsightDelays(
      flights, min_late_percentage=0.75,
      min_this_delay_minutes=0,
      min_average_delay_minutes=0))

  def DelayTimeAndFrequencyMessage(
      types_tuple,
      group_function,
      group_label,
      filter_function=lambda this, other: True,
      min_days=1,
      lookback_days=MAX_INSIGHT_HORIZON_DAYS,
      min_this_group_size=0,
      min_comparison_group_size=0,
      min_group_qty=0,




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